Hydraulic pumps
Hydraulic pump
Having the highest power-to-weight ratio, it is one of the most expensive types of pumps and in case of accurate piston sealing can have the highest efficiency.
Hydraulic pump
It is a type of rotary pump in which the operation of the pump is done by rotating the gears in each other. The components of this pump consist of two gears that are involved,
Hydraulic pump
These pumps consist of a body and a cartridge, with the rotary movement of the cartridge by the shaft, the centrifugal force causes the vanes to come out of the rotor. and engages the fluid and makes it flow.
What is a hydraulic pump?
Hydraulic pump is one of the two main parts of the hydraulic system and it supplies its power from an electric motor or a combustion engine. Hydraulic pumps receive (suction) non-pressurized fluid from the hydraulic powerpack tank (tank) and then deliver the high-pressure fluid to a hydraulic system with the power they receive from the energy source (electric motor or combustion engine). Due to the importance of the hydraulic pump, it is also called the heart of the hydraulic system.
Division of hydraulic pumps
In the hydraulic industry, pumps are divided into the following two general categories.
- Negative displacement pumps (hydrodynamic pumps)
- Positive displacement pumps
Advantages of hydraulic pumps with positive displacement (compared to the type with non-positive displacement)
- Ability to work at high pressures (up to 10000 psi and above)
- Small and compact dimensions
- High volumetric efficiency
- Slight change in efficiency in Designed pressure range
- High flexibility (ability to work in a wide range of required pressures and speeds)
Hydraulic pumps with positive displacement are divided into three main types:
Gear pumps
vane pumps
piston pumps
Gear pumps (with fixed displacement)
- External gear pumps
- Internal gear pumps
- Earring pumps
- Screw pumps
- Gyrotor pumps
vane pumps (with fixed or variable displacement)
- Unbalanced vane pumps (with fixed or variable displacement)
- Balanced vane pumps (only with fixed displacement)
Piston pumps (with fixed or variable displacement)
- Axial piston pumps
- Radial piston pumps
Efficiency of hydraulic pumps
The efficiency of a pump generally depends on the amount of tolerances and precision used in the construction, the mechanical condition of the components and the pressure balance. In an ideal pump, the leakage between the involved components is considered to be zero in theory. In practice, the leaks should be as small as possible so that it is possible to create a thin film of oil to lubricate the sliding parts.
The overall efficiency of the pump is calculated by comparing the power available at the output and the power consumed at the input and is divided into volumetric and mechanical efficiency.
volume efficiency
Volume efficiency determines the amount of leakage in the pump. This amount is related to the situations where the pump is in the designed tolerance conditions, working conditions and design pressure.
Mechanical efficiency
Mechanical efficiency specifies the amount of energy loss due to factors such as friction in bearings and involved components, as well as disturbance in the fluid. The mechanical efficiency of pumps is usually between 90 and 95%.
Total return
Total efficiency specifies the total energy loss and is equal to the product of volume and mechanical efficiency.
Hydraulic pump selection criteria
- Maximum working pressure
- Accessibility and replacement of components
- Maximum output flow rate
- Maintenance and spare parts
- Type control
- drive speed
- fluid type
- noise
- size and weight
- required tolerances< /li>
- yield
- price
In order to protect the pump against cavitation and keep the pressure higher than the fluid saturation pressure at the pump inlet, it is necessary to observe the following materials:
- The speed of the suction line should be considered less than 5 ft/sec
- The pump inlet lines should be selected as short as possible
- Minimum fittings should be used in the inlet line
- The pump should be installed as close to the tank as possible
- Use filters with low pressure drop and pollution index so that they can be replaced when they become dirty
- Use the appropriate oil introduced by the manufacturer.
What are the types of hydraulic pumps?Hydraulic pumps in three vane types Yes, piston and gear are available. Gear pumps are one of the most widely used ones and due to their relatively high lifespan.
How to choose hydraulic pumps?Specifying the two parameters of flow rate (in terms of volume) and pressure (in terms of load) to select pumps Hydraulics is very efficient.
What are the ways to prevent damage to the hydraulic pump?
In order to prevent possible damage to hydraulic pumps, it is important to pay attention to several parameters, which are: preventing the pump from running dry (must have oil), preventing oil leakage, etc.
